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eLibrary >
ASHRAE Standard 147-2019 -- Reducing the Release of Halogenated Refrigerants from Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Systems (ANSI Approved) >
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ASHRAE Standard 147-2019 -- Reducing the Release of Halogenated Refrigerants from Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Systems (ANSI Approved), 2019
- ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 147-2019 [Go to Page]
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- 1. PURPOSE
- 2. SCOPE
- 3. DEFINITIONS
- 4. DESIGN [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Safety. All equipment and systems shall be designed in accordance with a recognized national standard, such as ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15, Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems 2; UL 1995, Heating and Cooling Equipment 1; UL 60335-2-40, Househol...
- 4.2 Documentation. Documentation shall be provided by the equipment manufacturer to instruct field personnel how to install, operate, and service Equipment Types 4 through 10.
- 4.3 Compressors. Leaks associated with compressors may be related to the design of the compressor (e.g., oil pan, motor bell, oil pump) or to the associated equipment fitted to it (e.g., gage and cutout connections, relief valves, and connected pipin...
- 4.4 Condensers and Evaporators. Connections shall be designed so that vibrational stresses from the suction, discharge, and liquid-line loads at the condenser and evaporator joints do not exceed material endurance limits. All electrical power and con...
- 4.5 Piping, Tubing, and Connections
- 4.6 Isolation Valves. Isolation valves shall comply with one of the following:
- 4.7 Access Valves for Charging, Evacuation, or Both. Access valves and couplings, except as noted below, shall have a tethered metal-to-metal or metal-to-O-ring sealing surface to prevent leaking through the cap and shall be provided for evacuation a...
- 4.8 Relief Devices. Pressure relief devices shall conform to the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 15 2. Equipment Types 7, 8, and 10 shall have means to indicate that a high refrigerant pressure condition exists or has existed that could result in ref...
- 4.9 Purging Devices
- 4.10 Storage Capability. In large, field-erected systems, such as supermarket refrigerating systems, one or more receivers designed in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 15 2 shall be provided for the system to store the charge as necessary to service v...
- 4.11 Shipping and Package Testing Procedures. Where applicable on the basis of the scope and methods of test, the following testing procedures shall be used to ensure products arrive in acceptable condition:
- 4.12 System Monitoring. All new Equipment Types 7, 8, and 10 with a refrigerant design operating charge greater than 1000 lb (454 kg) per circuit shall be equipped with a feature to alert the owner that the system either is releasing refrigerant or h...
- 5. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General. When components or systems are being tested for refrigerant leakage during development, the practices and procedures specified in Sections 7.1 through 7.5 shall be followed. A refrigerant charge used for operational testing during develo...
- 5.2 Refrigerant Handling. The laboratory shall be equipped with a recovery/recycling system and storage capacity for a holding charge recovered from any individual test unit in the laboratory. When servicing of a recovery/recycling unit is required, ...
- 6. MANUFACTURE [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General. All equipment, components, and complete systems shall be clean and dry and shall be leak tested and sealed before shipment. Components or subassemblies that will be tested in a larger assembly further along in the manufacturing process s...
- 6.2 Factory Leak Testing
- 6.3 Operating Test Gas Recovery. Refrigerant used during the manufacture and operational testing of systems and components shall be recovered from systems and components prior to repair or rework.
- 6.4 Evacuation. Systems shall be evacuated to 1000 μg of mercury or less and held long enough to remove detrimental moisture as defined by the manufacturer.
- 6.5 Holding Charge. A halogenated refrigerant shall not be used as a holding charge.
- 6.6 Purging. Brazing processes shall purge with inert gas to prevent oxidation, which can cause plugged driers, filters, and strainers; dirty oil; and compressor failure.
- 7. INSTALLATION [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Installation of Equipment Types 6, 8, 9, and 10
- 7.2 Field Leak Testing. Equipment Types 6, 8, 9, and 10 shall be leak tested as an Equipment Type 8 per Section 6.2.1 to ensure system integrity and minimize refrigerant leakage.
- 7.3 Field Evacuation. After it is determined that there are no refrigerant leaks, Equipment Types 6, 8, 9, and 10 shall be evacuated to 1000 μg or less and held long enough to remove moisture.
- 7.4 Field Charging
- 7.5 Refrigerant Charging Log. For Equipment Types 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, the owner shall keep a record of the following:
- 7.6 Water-Chilling Machines. During installation, the installer or operator shall provide and install controls to prevent fluids from freezing in water-chilling machines when they are not in operation.
- 8. SERVICE, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, and DECOMMISSIONING [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Servicing. Servicing of air-conditioning and refrigerating systems shall be undertaken only by properly trained personnel. In the U.S. and in some other countries, regulations require that personnel engaged in refrigerant handling be certified. R...
- 8.2 Cleaning a Refrigerant System after a Mechanical Failure, Contamination, or Motor Burnout. If the refrigerant is to be removed from the system due to contamination, the refrigerant shall be recycled, reclaimed, or disposed of in accordance with U...
- 8.3 System Operation and Maintenance. HVAC systems shall have maintenance programs based on manufacturer’s recommendations; ANSI/ACCA 4, Maintenance of Residential HVAC Systems15; ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA 180, Standard Practice for Inspection and Maintenan...
- 8.4 Actions after Refrigerant Monitoring Alarm. Owners of HVAC&R systems that are equipped with leak detection monitoring, refrigerant charge monitoring, or both, and that provide an alert when a potential refrigerant release has occurred, shall not ...
- 8.5 Refrigerant/Lubricant Change Out. Seals, gaskets, and valve packing shall be replaced in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions when changing from one refrigerant or lubricant to another. Reusing these materials has a high potential to res...
- 8.6 Decommissioning. At decommissioning, the refrigerant is to be removed from the system and it shall be recycled, reclaimed, or disposed of in accordance with USEPA regulations and local requirements. In no case shall the refrigerant be vented to t...
- 9. REFRIGERANT RECOVERY, REUSE, AND DISPOSAL [Go to Page]
- 9.1 General. Refrigerant used in any type of air-conditioning or refrigerating equipment shall be recovered and reused in the owner’s equipment, or it shall be shipped in proper containers to a reclamation or destruction facility whenever it is rem...
- 9.2 Refrigerant Transfer, Transport, and Storage. Refrigerant withdrawn from a system or equipment shall be transferred to an appropriate pressure vessel for storage on site or transport to another site. Disposable refrigerant containers, including t...
- 9.3 Disposal. If recovered refrigerant is not intended to be reused, recycled, or reclaimed, it shall be destroyed in an approved facility.
- 10. HANDLING AND STORAGE OF REFRIGERANTS [Go to Page]
- 10.1 System Connections. Charging lines shall be made of materials that are compatible with the refrigerant.
- 10.2 Storage
- 11. NORMATIVE REFERENCES
- INFORMATIVE Appendix A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES [Go to Page]
- A1. INTRODUCTION
- A2. RECOMMENDED DESIGN PRACTICES [Go to Page]
- A2.1 Compressors
- A2.2 Condensers and Evaporators
- A2.3 Piping, Tubing, and Connections. Strainers, filters, and driers should be used to control moisture and capture solid contaminants, a process that will minimize damage to moving parts and avoid plugging of refrigerant circuits caused by contamina...
- A2.4 Access and Isolation Valves. Access valves should be located where pressure readings will be taken. Adequate isolation of system components such as gages, operating controls, and major components (compressors, heat exchangers, expansion devices,...
- A2.5 Relief Devices
- A2.6 Marking and Instruction. The manufacturer should document for the user the refrigerant name, charging quantity, and needed instructions of equipment installation, testing, operation, maintenance, repair, and disposal.
- A2.7 Type 4 System Specific Topics. For factory-sealed systems, soldering, epoxy joining, and any other method demonstrated to maintain the hermetic nature of the system is acceptable as an alternative to brazing.
- A2.8 Type 5, 6, 7 System Specific Topics
- A2.9 Type 7 and 8 Equipment Specific Topics
- A3. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT [Go to Page]
- A3.1 Refrigerant Handling. Refrigerant recovery/recycling systems are recommended in laboratories employing refrigerant. Laboratory recovery/recycling systems should be examined for leaks on a frequent (at least monthly) basis.
- A3.2 Vibration Tests. Vibration testing should be performed to identify packaging or tubing weaknesses that could cause leaks during shipment.
- A3.3 Storage. Temporary and prototype systems should not be stored for more than six months while containing refrigerant. Temporary and prototype systems stored for more than six months should contain positive-pressure inert gas.
- A4. MANUFACTURE [Go to Page]
- A4.1 Evacuation. To remove moisture during the manufacture of new air-conditioning or refrigerating equipment, the unit should be purged with heated dry air (–40°F [–40°C] dew point). After purging, a deep vacuum evacuation, which involves a si...
- A4.2 Internal Cleanliness. Every effort should be made to ensure internal cleanliness of components and equipment.
- A4.3 Factory Leak Test
- A5. INSTALLATION [Go to Page]
- A5.1 Installation of Assembled and Field-Erected Equipment and Systems (Types 6, 8, 9, and 10). Cleaning of tubing and fittings prior to assembly may be conducted with a wire fitting brush or sand cloth. Avoid abrasive materials that may leave deep m...
- A5.2 Leak Testing by Pressure
- A5.3 Leak Testing
- A6. SERVICE, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND DECOMMISSIONING [Go to Page]
- A6.1 Servicing. Care should be taken in the selection and use of cleaners for clearing dirt and debris from condenser coils or other similar equipment. They should be compatible with the composition of the coils and environmental conditions. Cleaners...
- A6.2 Cleaning a Compressor System after a Mechanical Failure, Contamination, or Motor Burnout
- A6.3 System Operation and Maintenance
- A6.4 System Monitoring
- A6.5 Appliance-Specific Topics. Factory-charged, hermetically sealed systems with less than 5 lb (2.3 kg) of refrigerant should follow a servicing procedure similar to the following:
- A6.6 Large-Equipment Specific Topics
- A7. REFRIGERANT RECOVERY, REUSE,AND DISPOSAL [Go to Page]
- A7.1 General. Refrigerant disposition can usually be decided before it is removed from the equipment or system. That decision will be based on considerations that may include the reason for system shutdown and refrigerant removal, the condition of th...
- A7.2 Refrigerant Transfer, Transport, and Storage— Safety. Refrigerant containers should be examined externally and, if possible, internally for corrosion or other damage that may weaken the walls, heads, or joints. The examination should be undert...
- A7.3 Disposal. Destruction of refrigerant usually requires incineration in a facility that is equipped to absorb and neutralize acids and other toxic or destructive processing products. USEPA regulations for safe disposal of refrigeration and air-con...
- A8. HANDLING AND STORAGE OF REFRIGERANTS [Go to Page]
- A8.1 System Connections. Service hoses should not be left connected to refrigerant circuits long term. They may leak or burst, resulting in refrigerant release.
- A8.2 Storage
- A8.3 Charging
- A8.4 Recovery Equipment. This equipment is normally a mechanical system consisting of evaporator, oil separator, compressor, and condenser that draws refrigerant out of the refrigeration system and stores it in a storage container. The equipment may ...
- INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B: TRAINING OF PERSONNEL
- INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C: INFORMATIVE REFERENCES [Go to Page]
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