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AWWA Manual M45 Fiberglass Pipe Design, Fourth Edition, 2025
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 2
- Materials, Properties, and Characteristics
- 2.1 GENERAL
- 2.2 CHARACTERISTICS
- 2.3 THE MATERIAL SYSTEM
- 2.4 OTHER COMPONENTS
- 2.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- 2.6 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
- 2.7 REFERENCES
- Chapter 3
- Manufacturing
- 3.1 INTRODUCTION
- 3.2 FILAMENT WINDING
- 3.3 CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
- 3.4 REFERENCE
- Chapter 4
- Hydraulics
- 4.1 HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS
- 4.2 PRELIMINARY PIPE SIZING
- 4.3 TYPICAL PIPE DIAMETERS
- 4.4 PRESSURE REDUCTION CALCULATIONS
- 4.5 HEAD LOSS FITTINGS
- 4.6 ENERGY CONSUMPTION CALCULATION PROCEDURE
- 4.7 PRESSURE SURGE
- 4.8 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 4.9 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Chapter 5
- Buried Pipe Design
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 TERMINOLOGY
- 5.3 DESIGN CONDITIONS
- 5.4 PIPE PROPERTIES
- 5.5 INSTALLATION PARAMETERS
- 5.6 DESIGN PROCEDURE
- 5.7 DESIGN CALCULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
- 5.8 AXIAL LOADS
- 5.9 SPECIAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 5.10 DESIGN EXAMPLE
- 5.11 REFERENCES
- Chapter 6
- Guidelines for Underground Installation of Fiberglass Pipe
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 RELATED DOCUMENTS
- 6.3 TERMINOLOGY
- 6.4 IN SITU SOILS
- 6.5 EMBEDMENT MATERIALS
- 6.6 TRENCH EXCAVATION
- 6.8 FIELD MONITORING
- 6.9 CONTRACT DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
- 6.10 REFERENCES
- Chapter 7
- Buried Pipe Thrust Restraints
- 7.1 UNBALANCED THRUST FORCES
- 7.2 THRUST RESISTANCE
- 7.3 THRUST BLOCKS
- 7.4 JOINTS WITH SMALL DEFLECTIONS
- 7.5 RESTRAINED (TIED) JOINTS
- Chapter 8
- Aboveground Pipe Design and Installation
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION
- 8.3 THERMAL EXPANSION DESIGN
- 8.4 SUPPORTS, ANCHORS, AND GUIDES
- 8.5 BENDING
- 8.6 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
- 8.7 HEAT TRACING
- 8.8 CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES
- 8.9 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 8.10 REFERENCES
- Chapter 9
- Joining Systems,
Fittings, and Specials
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 FIBERGLASS PIPE JOINING SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATION
- 9.3 GASKET REQUIREMENTS
- 9.4 JOINING SYSTEMS
- 9.5 ASSEMBLY OF BONDED, THREADED, AND FLANGED JOINTS
- 9.6 FITTINGS AND SPECIALS
- 9.7 SERVICE LINE CONNECTIONS
- 9.8 REFERENCE
- Chapter 10
- Shipping, Handling, Storage, and Repair
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 SHIPPING
- 10.3 HANDLING
- 10.4 STORAGE
- 10.5 REPAIR
- Glossary
- Figure 2-1 Typical circumferential stress–strain curves [Go to Page]
- Figure 2-2 Typical axial stress–strain curves
- Figure 2-3 Static versus cyclic pressure testing
- Figure 3-1 Filament winding process
- Figure 3-2 Application of impregnated glass reinforcement of a filament-wound pipe
- Figure 3-3 Continuous advancing mandrel method
- Figure 3-4 Finished pipe emerging from curing oven
- Figure 3-5 Preformed glass reinforcement sleeve method
- Figure 3-6 Chopped glass reinforcement method
- Figure 3-7 Application of glass, resin, and sand
- Figure 4-1 Friction pressure loss due to water flow through fiberglass pipe
- Figure 4-2 Moody diagram for determination of friction factor for turbulent flow
- Figure 5-1 Distribution of AASHTO HS-20 or HS-25 live load through granular fill for h ≤ 45 in. (1.14 m)
- Figure 5-2 AASHTO HS-20 live load, soil load (120 lb/ft3), and total load graph
- Figure 5-3 AASHTO HS-25 live load, soil load (120 lb/ft3), and total load graph
- Figure 5-4 Cooper E80 live load, soil load (120 lb/ft3), and total load graph
- Figure 6-1 Trench cross-section terminology
- Figure 6-2 Examples of bedding support
- Figure 6-3 Accommodating differential settlement
- Figure 6-4 Crossover of adjacent piping systems
- Figure 6-5 Proper compaction under haunches
- Figure 7-1 Thrust force definitions
- Figure 7-2 Typical thrust blocking of a horizontal bend
- Figure 7-3 Typical profile of vertical bend thrust blocking
- Figure 7-4 Restraint of thrust at deflected joints on long-radius horizontal curves
- Figure 7-5 Computation diagram for earth loads on trench conduits
- Figure 7-6 Restraint of uplift thrust at deflected joints on long-radius vertical curves
- Figure 7-7 Thrust restraint with tied joints at bends
- Figure 7-8 Length of tied pipe on each leg of vertical (uplift) bend
- Figure 8-1 Typical expansion joint installation
- Figure 8-2 Expansion loop dimensions
- Figure 8-3 Directional change
- Figure 8-4 Guide support
- Figure 8-5 Anchor support
- Figure 8-6 Typical support
- Figure 8-7 Fiberglass wear protection cradle
- Figure 8-8 Steel wear protection cradle
- Figure 8-9 Vertical support
- Figure 9-1 Tapered bell and spigot joint
- Figure 9-2 Straight bell and straight spigot joint
- Figure 9-3 Tapered bell and straight spigot joint
- Figure 9-4 Overlay joint construction
- Figure 9-5 Overlay joint
- Figure 9-6 Tapered ends overlay joint
- Figure 9-7 Bell and spigot overlay joint
- Figure 9-8 Single-gasket bell and spigot joint
- Figure 9-9 Single-gasket spigot
- Figure 9-10 Double-gasket bell and spigot joint
- Figure 9-11 Double-gasket spigot
- Figure 9-12 Gasketed coupling joint
- Figure 9-13 Gasketed coupling joint, cross-section
- Figure 9-14 Restrained gasketed bell and spigot joint
- Figure 9-15 Restrained gasketed coupling joint
- Figure 9-16 Restrained gasketed threaded bell and spigot O-ring joint
- Figure 9-17 Fiberglass flange to fiberglass and steel flange joint
- Figure 9-18 Fiberglass flanges to flanged steel valve connection
- Figure 9-19 Fiberglass flange with grooved face for O-ring seal
- Figure 9-20 Mechanical coupling joint
- Figure 9-21 Compression-molded fittings
- Figure 9-22 Flanged compression-molded fittings
- Figure 9-23 Mitered fitting configurations
- Figure 9-24 Mitered fitting
- Figure 9-25 Mitered fitting fabrication
- Figure 9-26 Mitered fittings
- Figure 9-27 Mitered fitting field fabrication
- Figure 9-28 Fittings field assembly [Go to Page]
- Figure 10-1 Pipe shipment by truck
- Figure 10-2 Single-sling handling
- Figure 10-3 Double-sling handling
- Figure 10-4 Unitized small-diameter bundle
- Figure 10-5 Unitized load handling
- Figure 10-6 Handling nested pipes
- Figure 10-7 De-nesting pipes
- Figure 10-8 Pipe stacking
- Figure 10-9 Patch
- Figure 10-11 Steel coupling
- Figure 10-10 Cut out and replace
- Table 2-1 Mechanical properties range
- Table 4-1 Typical K factors for fiberglass fittings
- Table 5-1 Shape factors Df
- Table 5-2 AASHTO HS-20, HS-25, and Cooper E80 live loads
- Table 5-3 Soil classification chart
- Table 5-4 Msb based on embedment type and percent compaction
- Table 5-5 Values for the soil support combining factor Sc
- Table 5-6 Values for the constrained modulus of the native soil at pipe elevation
- Table 5-7 Conditions and parameters for design example
- Table 6-1 Soil classes
- Table 6-2 Recommendations for installation and use of soils and aggregates for foundation and embedment
- Table 7-1 Horizontal soil-bearing strengths
- Table 8-1 Minimum support width for 120° contact supports
- Table 8-2 Design example calculations
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1
- History and Use
- 1.1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.2 HISTORY
- 1.3 APPLICATIONS
- 1.4 STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
- 1.5 TERMINOLOGY
- Chapter 2
- Materials, Properties, and Characteristics
- 2.1 GENERAL
- 2.2 CHARACTERISTICS
- 2.3 THE MATERIAL SYSTEM
- 2.4 OTHER COMPONENTS
- 2.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- 2.6 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
- 2.7 REFERENCES
- Chapter 3
- Manufacturing
- 3.1 INTRODUCTION
- 3.2 FILAMENT WINDING
- 3.3 CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
- 3.4 REFERENCE
- Chapter 4
- Hydraulics
- 4.1 HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS
- 4.2 PRELIMINARY PIPE SIZING
- 4.3 TYPICAL PIPE DIAMETERS
- 4.4 PRESSURE REDUCTION CALCULATIONS
- 4.5 HEAD LOSS FITTINGS
- 4.6 ENERGY CONSUMPTION CALCULATION PROCEDURE
- 4.7 PRESSURE SURGE
- 4.8 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 4.9 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Chapter 5
- Buried Pipe Design
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 TERMINOLOGY
- 5.3 DESIGN CONDITIONS
- 5.4 PIPE PROPERTIES
- 5.5 INSTALLATION PARAMETERS
- 5.6 DESIGN PROCEDURE
- 5.7 DESIGN CALCULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
- 5.8 AXIAL LOADS
- 5.9 SPECIAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- 5.10 DESIGN EXAMPLE
- 5.11 REFERENCES
- Chapter 6
- Guidelines for Underground Installation of Fiberglass Pipe
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 RELATED DOCUMENTS
- 6.3 TERMINOLOGY
- 6.4 IN SITU SOILS
- 6.5 EMBEDMENT MATERIALS
- 6.6 TRENCH EXCAVATION
- 6.7 PIPE INSTALLATION
- 6.8 FIELD MONITORING
- 6.9 CONTRACT DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
- 6.10 REFERENCES
- Chapter 7
- Buried Pipe Thrust Restraints
- 7.1 UNBALANCED THRUST FORCES
- 7.2 THRUST RESISTANCE
- 7.3 THRUST BLOCKS
- 7.4 JOINTS WITH SMALL DEFLECTIONS
- 7.5 RESTRAINED (TIED) JOINTS
- Chapter 8
- Aboveground Pipe Design and Installation
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION
- 8.3 THERMAL EXPANSION DESIGN
- 8.4 SUPPORTS, ANCHORS, AND GUIDES
- 8.5 BENDING
- 8.6 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
- 8.7 HEAT TRACING
- 8.8 CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES
- 8.9 DESIGN EXAMPLES
- 8.10 REFERENCES
- Chapter 9
- Joining Systems,
Fittings, and Specials
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 FIBERGLASS PIPE JOINING SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATION
- 9.3 GASKET REQUIREMENTS
- 9.4 JOINING SYSTEMS
- 9.5 ASSEMBLY OF BONDED, THREADED, AND FLANGED JOINTS
- 9.6 FITTINGS AND SPECIALS
- 9.7 SERVICE LINE CONNECTIONS
- 9.8 REFERENCE
- Chapter 10
- Shipping, Handling, Storage, and Repair
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 SHIPPING
- 10.3 HANDLING
- 10.4 STORAGE
- 10.5 REPAIR
- Glossary [Go to Page]