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BS 6349-1:2000 Maritime structures - Code of practice for general criteria, 2003

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BS 6349-1:2000 Maritime structures - Code of practice for general criteria, 2003

BRITISH STANDARD [Go to Page]
Committees responsible for this British�Standard
Contents
Section 1. General
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Definitions [Go to Page]
3.1 Tides [Go to Page]
3.1.1 semi diurnal tides
3.1.2 diurnal tides
3.1.3 range
3.1.4 spring tides
3.1.5 neap tides
3.1.6 mean high water springs (MHWS)
3.1.7 mean low water springs (MLWS)
3.1.8 mean high water neaps (MHWN)
3.1.9 mean low water neaps (MLWN)
3.1.10 mean sea level (MSL)
3.1.11 lowest astronomical tide (LAT)
3.1.12 highest astronomical tide (HAT)
3.2 Ship tonnages [Go to Page]
3.2.1 gross registered tonnage (GRT)
3.2.2 deadweight tonnage (DWT)
3.3 displacement
3.4 belting
3.5 Waves [Go to Page]
3.5.1 wave height
3.5.2 wave period
3.5.3 wave length
3.5.4 phase velocity
3.5.5 wave diffraction
3.5.6 wave refraction
3.5.7 wave gradient
3.5.8 group velocity
3.5.9 significant wave height
3.5.10 significant wave period
3.5.11 zero crossing period of primary waves
3.6 spectral density
3.7 design working life
3.8 return period
4 Symbols
Section 2. Environmental considerations
5 General [Go to Page]
5.1 Design parameters
5.2 Environmental impact
5.3 Scope
6 Survey control [Go to Page]
6.1 General
6.2 Level control
6.3 Location control
7 Meteorology and climatology [Go to Page]
7.1 General
7.2 Wind
7.3 Precipitation
7.4 Air temperature and humidity
7.5 Visibility
7.6 Atmospheric pressure
7.7 Solar radiation and hours of sunshine
8 Bathymetry [Go to Page]
8.1 General
8.2 Echo sounder
8.3 Side�scan sonar
8.4 Direct measurement
8.5 Spacing and direction of sounding profiles
8.6 Wire sweep
8.7 Reduction of soundings
8.8 Coastal topography
9 Geological considerations
10 Water level [Go to Page]
10.1 General
10.2 Tidal predictions
10.3 Meteorological effects
10.4 Tidal observations
10.5 Tidal analysis
11 Water movement [Go to Page]
11.1 General
11.2 Measurement of currents
11.3 Measurement of diffusion
11.4 Presentation and analysis of field data
12 Waves
13 Water quality [Go to Page]
13.1 General
13.2 Water temperature
13.3 Chemistry
13.4 Turbidity
13.5 Marine life
13.6 Pollution
14 Sediment transport [Go to Page]
14.1 General
14.2 Sediment transport in currents
14.3 Sediment transport with waves
14.4 Accretion and scour
14.5 Bed�form migration
14.6 Models
Section 3. Operational considerations
15 General
16 Design working life
17 Ship data [Go to Page]
17.1 General
17.2 Tonnage and displacement
17.3 Typical container ship and bulk carrier dimensions
18 Navigation in approach channels [Go to Page]
18.1 General
18.2 Studies [Go to Page]
Figure 1a Typical ship dimensions — Container ship — Approximate dimensions based on draught against DWT, a...
Figure 1b) Typical ship dimensions — Container ship — Approximate dimensions based on draught against DWT, a...
Figure 2 Typical ship dimensions — Bulk carrier
18.3 Depth of channels
18.4 Width of channels
18.5 Other operational aspects
19 Ship handling [Go to Page]
19.1 Manoeuvring inside harbours
19.2 Berthing
19.3 Mooring
Section 4. Sea state
20 General
21 Wave characteristics [Go to Page]
21.1 Wave forms
21.2 Basic wave properties [Go to Page]
Figure 3a) Wave shoaling and estimation of wave height in the surf zone
Figure 3b) Wave shoaling and estimation of wave height in the surf zone
Figure 3c) Wave shoaling and estimation of wave height in the surf zone
Figure 3d) Wave shoaling and estimation of wave height in the surf zone
Figure 3e) Wave shoaling and estimation of wave height in the surf zone
Figure 3f) Wave shoaling and estimation of wave height in the surf zone
21.3 Sea state properties [Go to Page]
Figure 4 Relationship between design working life, return period and probability of wave heights exceeding...
22 Offshore wave climate [Go to Page]
22.1 Wave generation
22.2 Wave prediction [Go to Page]
Figure 5 Significant wave prediction chart — Fetch lengths up to 1 500 km
Figure 6 Significant wave prediction chart — Fetch lengths from 200 km to 20 000 km
Figure 7 JONSWAP wave spectrum
Figure 8 Pierson–Moskowitz wave spectrum
Figure 9 Significant wave height and peak period for wave spectra
22.3 Wave decay and swell
22.4 Extrapolation of offshore wave data
23 Shallow water effects [Go to Page]
23.1 General
23.2 Refraction and shoaling [Go to Page]
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of wave refraction
23.3 Channel effects
23.4 Bottom friction [Go to Page]
Figure 11 Wave height reduction factor for bottom friction
23.5 Wave breaking [Go to Page]
Figure 12 Breaker types
24 Long waves [Go to Page]
24.1 General
24.2 Moving pressure fronts
24.3 Wave grouping effects
24.4 Tsunamis
24.5 Conclusions
25 Storm surge
26 Wave recording and analysis [Go to Page]
26.1 Existing data sources
26.2 Site measurements
26.3 Wave recorders
26.4 Analysis of records
27 Extrapolation of wave data [Go to Page]
27.1 General
27.2 Extrapolation to extreme wave conditions
27.3 Extrapolation to individual maximum wave heights [Go to Page]
Figure 13
27.4 Extrapolation of wave periods
28 Effects of breakwaters and sea walls on sea states [Go to Page]
Figure 14 Run up on graded riprap
Figure 15 Run up on rubble mound slope
29 Harbour response [Go to Page]
29.1 General
29.2 Wave diffraction for a flat seabed [Go to Page]
Figure 16a) Diffraction coefficients for breakwater gap of length B = one wave length, Pierson–Moskowitz spec...
Figure 16b) Diffraction coefficients for breakwater gap of length B = two wave lengths, Pierson–Moskowitz spe...
Figure 17a) Diffraction coefficients for island breakwater of length B = one wave length, Pierson–Moskowitz s...
Figure 17b) Diffraction coefficients for island breakwater of length B = two wave lengths, Pierson–Moskowitz ...
29.3 Ray methods of wave diffraction and refraction
29.4 Harbour resonance
29.5 Physical models
29.6 Mathematical models
30 Acceptable wave conditions for moored small vessels [Go to Page]
30.1 General [Go to Page]
Table 1 Acceptable wave heights in marinas and fishing harbours
30.2 Marinas
30.3 Fishing harbours
30.4 Lighterage
31 Acceptable wave conditions for moored ships [Go to Page]
31.1 General
31.2 Background information
31.3 Methods for determining acceptable sea states [Go to Page]
Figure 18 The six degrees of freedom of vessel movement
31.4 Acceptable ship movements [Go to Page]
Table 2 Guidance on maximum velocity criteria for safe mooring conditions
31.5 Downtime [Go to Page]
Table 3 Guidance on maximum motion criteria for safe working conditions
Section 5. Loads, movements and vibrations
32 General [Go to Page]
32.1 Basic loads
32.2 Dynamic response [Go to Page]
Table 4 Typical frequencies of environmental forces
32.3 Spectral loading
32.4 Fatigue
33 Soil pressures
34 Winds
35 Snow and ice
36 Temperature variations [Go to Page]
Table 5 Effective temperature range for maritime structure decks in British coastal waters
37 Tides and water level variations
38 Currents [Go to Page]
38.1 General
38.2 Steady drag force [Go to Page]
Figure 19 Drag force coefficient values for circular cylinders
Table 6 Modification factors for critical flow velocity
38.3 Flow induced oscillations [Go to Page]
Figure 20 Critical flow velocity for circular piles for in line oscillations
Table 7 Drag and inertia force coefficients for common structural forms
39 Waves [Go to Page]
39.1 General
39.2 Fatigue analysis
39.3 Design wave parameters
39.4 Wave forces [Go to Page]
Figure 21 Wave pressure distribution at reflective walls for non�breaking waves
Figure 22 Estimation of alpha values for calculation of wave pressure — Vertical�distribution of wave pressure
Figure 23 Estimation of alpha values for calculation of wave pressure — Coefficient of wave pressure at sur...
Figure 24 Estimation of alpha values for calculation of wave pressure — Coefficient of wave pressure at sur...
Figure 25 Estimation of alpha values for calculation of wave pressure — Ratio between wave pressures at sur...
40 Earthquakes
41 Berthing [Go to Page]
41.1 General
41.2 Operational factors
41.3 Fendering
41.4 Design of fendering
41.5 Assessment of berthing energy
42 Mooring [Go to Page]
42.1 General
42.2 Evaluation of mooring loads [Go to Page]
Table 8 Nominal bollard and fairlead loadings for vessels up to 20 000 t displacement [Go to Page]
Figure 26 Current drag force coefficients, all ships, deep water case
Figure 27 Envelope of wind force coefficients for dry cargo vessels and small tankers
Figure 28 Wind force coefficients for very large tankers with supersturctures aft
Figure 29 Wind force coefficients for typical container ship
Figure 30 Water depth correction factors for lateral current forces
Figure 31 Water depth correction factor for longitudinal current forces on container ships
Figure 32 Envelope of longitudinal force coefficients for VLCCs in shallow water
Figure 33 Typical longitudinal projected areas of tankers
Figure 34 Container ships: lengths and longitudinal projected areas
43 Docking and slipping
44 Cargo storage [Go to Page]
44.1 General
44.2 Dry bulk stacks [Go to Page]
Table 9 Typical stacking heights
44.3 Containers [Go to Page]
Table 10 Container loads expressed as uniformly distributed loads
44.4 Other loads
45 Cargo handling and transport systems [Go to Page]
45.1 General
45.2 Fixed and rail�mounted equipment [Go to Page]
Figure 35 Typical container crane dimensions
Figure 36 Container crane bogie with alternative number of wheels
45.3 Conveyors and pipelines
45.4 Rail traffic
45.5 Road traffic
45.6 Rubber�tyred port vehicles [Go to Page]
Table 11 Equivalent uniformly distributed loading for rubber tyred port vehicles [Go to Page]
Table 12 FLT wheel loading: container handling duties
Table 13 Side loader jack reactions [Go to Page]
Table 14 Mobile crane outrigger reactions
Table 15 RT loading: axle loads and effective wheel pressures [Go to Page]
Figure 37 Dimensions of RT vehicle
Table 16 Loading due to tracked cranes
46 Channelized loading in pavements and decks [Go to Page]
Table 17 Typical throughputs for new cargo handling berths
47 Movements and vibrations [Go to Page]
47.1 General
47.2 Assessment of movements [Go to Page]
Table 18 Added mass of entrained water
Table 18 (concluded) Added mass of entrained water
47.3 Acceptability criteria
Section 6. Geotechnical considerations
48 General
49 Site investigations [Go to Page]
49.1 General
49.2 Existing data sources
49.3 Site reconnaissance
49.4 Exploratory drilling, sampling and in situ testing
49.5 Layout of boreholes and trial excavations
49.6 Depth of boreholes [Go to Page]
Figure 38 Location and depth of boreholes for piled wharf
Figure 39 Depth of boreholes in relation to retained height of soil and width of quay wall
49.7 Groundwater investigations
49.8 Determination of earth pressure coefficient at rest
49.9 Detection of underground movements at depth
49.10 Geophysical surveys
49.11 Field trials
49.12 Studies related to constructional materials
50 Properties of the ground [Go to Page]
50.1 Average properties for preliminary design [Go to Page]
Table 19 Mobilized angle of friction
50.2 Selection of parameters for working design [Go to Page]
Figure 40 Plane strain shear diagram for sand
Figure 41 Plane strain shear diagram for normally consolidated clay
Figure 42 Slab slide in rock
Figure 43 Wedge failure in rock
Figure 44 Toppling failure in rock
Table 20 Physical characteristics of soils and rocks
51 Sheet piled structures [Go to Page]
51.1 General
51.2 Design
51.3 Distribution of lateral earth pressure and earth resistance [Go to Page]
Figure 45 Cantilevered single wall sheet pile structure
Figure 46 Anchored single wall sheet pile structure
Figure 47 Distribution of earth pressure and earth resistance on cantilevered single wall sheet pile structure
Figure 48 Distribution of earth pressure and earth resistance on anchored single wall sheet pile structure
Figure 49 Double wall sheet pile structures — Sheet piles driven into soil below seabed
Figure 50 Double wall sheet pile structures — Sheet piles terminated on rock at seabed
Figure 51 Active pressure distribution on anchored single wall structure where filling is placed before dre...
Figure 52 Active pressure distribution on anchored single wall structure where filling is placed after dred... [Go to Page]
Figure 53 Distribution of active pressure and passive resistance for total stress conditions in normally a...
51.4 Effects of surcharge
51.5 Hydrostatic pressure distribution [Go to Page]
Figure 54 Hydrostatic pressure distribution on waterfront structures where soil is retained to full height ...
Figure 55 Hydrostatic pressure distribution on waterfront structure where the soil is embanked behind the s...
Figure 56 Hydrostatic pressure behind waterfront structure backed by clay
Figure 57 Effects on hydrostatic and soil pressure distribution where seepage takes place beneath retaining...
52 Gravity structures [Go to Page]
52.1 General
52.2 Masonry and brickwork
52.3 Plain concrete walls
52.4 Concrete blockwork
52.5 Monoliths
52.6 Caissons
53 Anchorage of structures [Go to Page]
53.1 Function and location of anchorages [Go to Page]
Figure 58 Anchorage of lock or dry dock against hydrostatic uplift
53.2 Methods of anchorage [Go to Page]
Figure 59 Failure of vertical anchor tendon due to uplift of cone of soil or rock
Figure 60 Modes of failure of anchor tendons in rock — Massively bedded rock
Figure 61 Modes of failure of anchor tendons in rock — Thinly bedded rock with horizontal or near horizonta...
54 Slope stability and protection [Go to Page]
54.1 Environmental factors
54.2 Modes of failure [Go to Page]
Figure 62 Types of slope failure — Rotational shear slide on circular sliding surface
Figure 63 Types of slope failure — Three dimensional rotational slide
Figure 64 Types of slope failure — Non circular rotational slide
Figure 65 Failure of embankment due to shear failure of supporting soil
Figure 66 Compound slide
54.3 Design considerations for slopes and embankments [Go to Page]
Figure 67 Embankment built in stages with core material protected by dumped stone
54.4 Monitoring stability
54.5 Slope protection [Go to Page]
Figure 68 Slope protection by rock or concrete armouring backed by filter layer
54.6 Maintenance of earthworks
54.7 Remedial works
55 Use of thixotropic liquids in excavations [Go to Page]
55.1 Types of structure
55.2 Lateral earth pressure and earth resistance
55.3 Design of excavations for support by bentonite mud
55.4 Materials
Section 7. Materials
56 General
57 Stone for armouring or protection works [Go to Page]
57.1 General
57.2 Tests of quality
57.3 Specification of size
58 Concrete [Go to Page]
58.1 General
58.2 Type of construction
58.3 Durability from foundation soils, seawater and contaminants [Go to Page]
Figure 69 Schematic diagram of the chloride transport processes in a maritime structure [Go to Page]
Figure 70 Suggested severity ratings for chloride�induced corrosion of reinforcement on a scale of�1–12�
58.4 Specification for materials and workmanship [Go to Page]
Table 21 Cements
Table 22 Limiting values for composition and properties of concrete classes with normal weight aggregates ...
Table 23 Limiting values for composition and properties of concrete classes with normal weight aggregates ...
Table 24 Limiting values for composition and properties of plain concrete with normal weight aggregates of...
59 Structural steel and other metals [Go to Page]
59.1 General
59.2 Structural steel [Go to Page]
Table 25 Typical rates of corrosion for structural steels in temperate climates
59.3 Aluminium and its alloys
59.4 Other metals
60 Timber [Go to Page]
60.1 General
60.2 Resistance to environmental hazards
60.3 Functional suitability
60.4 Fastenings
61 Piles [Go to Page]
61.1 General
61.2 Bearing piles
61.3 Sheet piles
62 Pipes [Go to Page]
62.1 General
63 Pavements [Go to Page]
63.1 General
64 Rails [Go to Page]
64.1 General
64.2 Crane rails
64.3 Adjustment of crane rails
64.4 Holding�down bolts
64.5 Rail clips
64.6 Heavy�duty crane rails
64.7 Bolted joints
65 Bituminous materials [Go to Page]
65.1 General
65.2 Bituminous materials available
65.3 Composition, mix design and application techniques
65.4 Uses of bituminous materials [Go to Page]
Table 26 Possible uses of bituminous materials in maritime protection works
66 Protective measures [Go to Page]
66.1 General
66.2 Coating systems
66.3 Concrete protection
66.4 Monel�400�sheathing
66.5 Steel wear plates
66.6 Wrappings
67 Maintenance [Go to Page]
67.1 General
67.2 Records
67.3 Access
Annex A (informative) Physical properties of commonly sorted cargoes [Go to Page]
(informative) Physical properties of commonly sorted cargoes [Go to Page]
Table A.1 Typical dry bulk densities and angles of repose
Table A.2 Typical stacked densities for common commodities
Untitled [Go to Page]

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