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PD IEC TS 62600-201:2025 Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters - Part 201: Tidal energy resource assessment and characterization, 2025
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- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- Introduction
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Symbols and units
- 4.2 Abbreviations
- 5 Methodology overview [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Project definition [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1 General
- 5.1.2 Stage 1: Feasibility study
- 5.1.3 Stage 2: Layout design study
- 5.2 Methodology
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Resource assessment stages
- Table 2 – Model and field survey recommendations (overview)
- 6 Data collection [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Bathymetry [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 General
- 6.2.2 Results presentation
- 6.3 Tidal height [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Results presentation
- 6.4 Tidal currents [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 General
- 6.4.2 Tidal current mobile survey
- 6.4.3 Tidal current stationary survey
- Table 3 – Differences in measurement requirements at Stage 1 and Stage 2 [Go to Page]
- 6.4.4 Measurement uncertainty
- 6.5 Meteorological data [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1 General
- 6.5.2 Wind data
- 6.5.3 Atmospheric pressure
- 6.5.4 Results presentation
- 6.6 Wave climate [Go to Page]
- 6.6.1 General
- 6.6.2 Results presentation
- 6.7 River discharge [Go to Page]
- 6.7.1 General
- 6.7.2 Results presentation
- 6.8 Turbulence [Go to Page]
- 6.8.1 General
- 6.8.2 Results presentation
- 6.9 Large scale flow structure
- 6.10 Stratification, seawater density and sediment measurement [Go to Page]
- 6.10.1 General
- 6.10.2 Results presentation
- 6.11 Generation of annual velocity time series (harmonic analysis) [Go to Page]
- 6.11.1 General
- 6.11.2 Velocity prediction
- 6.11.3 Results presentation
- 7 Model development and outputs [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Choice of model [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 General considerations
- 7.2.2 Model selection
- 7.3 Model characteristics [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Model coverage and boundary conditions
- 7.3.2 Model resolution
- 7.3.3 Duration of the model calculations
- 7.4 Analysing data to provide model inputs, calibration and validation [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 General
- 7.4.2 Bathymetry interpolation
- 7.4.3 Currents
- 7.4.4 Meteorological analysis
- 7.4.5 Waves
- 7.4.6 Turbulence
- 7.4.7 Seawater density, salinity and temperature
- 7.4.8 Sediment
- 7.4.9 River discharge
- 7.5 Model calibration or validation [Go to Page]
- 7.5.1 General
- 7.5.2 Model calibration
- 7.5.3 Model validation
- 7.6 Incorporating energy extraction [Go to Page]
- 7.6.1 General
- 7.6.2 Guidance for incorporating energy extraction
- 7.7 General model uncertainty [Go to Page]
- 7.7.1 General
- 7.7.2 Modelled spatial variation uncertainty
- 7.8 Generation of annual velocity time series [Go to Page]
- 7.8.1 General
- 7.8.2 Long-term model current predictions (harmonic analysis)
- 7.8.3 Temporal modelling uncertainty
- 7.8.4 Results presentation
- 7.9 General model result presentation
- 8 Data analysis [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Velocity distribution curves – joint probability distribution
- 8.2 Power-weighted velocity calculation
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – The vertical variation of tidal current across an example projected capture area for a horizontal-axis TEC
- 8.3 Uncertainty in transferring from time to frequency domain
- 8.4 Results presentation
- Figure 2 – Joint velocity and direction probability density distribution, a location in Cook Inlet, Alaska
- Figure 3 – Example velocity magnitude probability histogram
- 9 Reporting of results [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Purpose of reporting
- 9.2 Contents of the report
- Figure 4 – Example exceedance curve for velocity magnitude
- Annex A (informative) Calculation of TEC annual energy production [Go to Page]
- A.1 General
- A.2 Individual TEC annual energy production (AEP)
- A.3 Array AEP
- A.4 Loss categories [Go to Page]
- A.4.1 General
- A.4.2 Plant performance and losses uncertainty
- Table A.1 – Recommended loss categories and definitions
- A.5 AEP uncertainty
- A.6 Results presentation
- Annex B (informative) Uncertainty [Go to Page]
- B.1 Uncertainty categories
- B.2 Combining uncertainties
- Table B.1 – Recommended uncertainty categories and definitions
- Annex C (informative) Guidelines for current profiler measurements [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Instrument configuration
- C.3 Instrument calibration
- C.4 Correcting for clock drift
- C.5 Depth quality control
- C.6 Velocity quality control
- C.7 Estimating turbulence quantities
- C.8 Mobile and hybrid mobile-stationary survey [Go to Page]
- C.8.1 General
- C.8.2 Navigation and vessel-handling
- Figure C.1 – Hybrid mobile-stationary vessel waypoints and tolerance range rings
- Annex D (informative) Case Studies [Go to Page]
- D.1 General
- D.2 Site evaluation [Go to Page]
- D.2.1 General
- D.2.2 Stationary survey - design
- Figure D.1 – Site selection - the Strangford Narrows
- Figure D.2 – Strangford Lough bathymetry
- Table D.1 – ADP deployment location
- Figure D.3 – ADP seabed frame prior to deployment [Go to Page]
- D.2.3 Stationary survey - results presentation
- Figure D.4 – Raw data time-series of heading, pitch, and roll
- Table D.2 – Sentinel V sampling configuration
- Figure D.5 – Hovmöller diagram showing the current data over the water column over deployment time
- Figure D.6 – Instantaneous height above mean sea level time series
- Figure D.7 – Instantaneous current velocity
- Figure D.8 – Instantaneous power-weighted speed and 10 min averaged power-weighted speed [Go to Page]
- D.2.4 Generation of annual velocity time series (harmonic analysis)
- Figure D.9 – Velocity-bin averaged current profiles through the water column
- Table D.3 – Sea-level at Location 1: Tidal constituents, amplitudes and phases
- Table D.4 – Depth-averaged current velocity at Location 1 ellipse parameters (major axis, minor axis, inclination and phase) [Go to Page]
- D.2.5 Calculation of TEC annual energy prediction
- Figure D.10 – A 1-year forecast of height above mean sea level and current-speed
- Figure D.11 – Schottel SIT deployment configuration at QML tidal test site, Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland
- Figure D.12 – Theoretical, data derived and actual power output performance, cyan data points are taken from (Starzmann et al., 2015 [97])
- Figure D.13 – Velocity probability distribution at TEC location
- Figure D.14 – Velocity exceedance curve at TEC location
- Figure D.15 – Forecast tidal flow magnitude and electrical power output for location 1
- D.3 Model case study [Go to Page]
- D.3.1 General
- D.3.2 Study location
- Table D.5 – Year-to-year variability of AEP [Go to Page]
- D.3.3 Model description
- Figure D.16 – The study area in Tacoma Narrows, WA [Go to Page]
- D.3.4 Model calibration
- Figure D.17 – Distribution of tide gauges in the Salish Sea
- Table D.6 – Comparison of modelled and observed tidal constituent amplitude (a) (in meters) and phase lag (Φ) (in degrees) at 10 tide gauge stations in the Salish Sea [Go to Page]
- D.3.5 Model validation
- Figure D.18 – Six NOAA - C.MIST CP locations in Tacoma Narrows area used for FVCOM model validation
- Figure D.19 – Hodographs from the model and field data at all six locations and a scatter comparison of the different matrices computed to quantify the model performance
- Figure D.20 – Comparisons of modelled and observed vertical velocity profiles at gauge PUG1528 during two spring and neap cycles in 2015
- Figure D.21 – Velocity exceedance curves from the model and current profiler at gauge PUG1528
- Table D.7 – AEP estimated at gauge PUG1528 using principal component velocity (PCU, in m/s) and different channel vertical positions [Go to Page]
- D.3.6 General model output
- Figure D.22 – The variation of tidal current speed, V, and power density, Pw, at different tide cycles in the Tacoma Narrows
- Figure D.23 – Tidal ellipse map of the largest tidal current constituents, M2 and K1, in the Tacoma Narrows (represented by blue lines) [Go to Page]
- D.3.7 Energy extraction
- Figure D.24 – Joint velocity direction distribution at PUG1528
- Figure D.25 – Energy extraction at the project location
- Figure D.26 – The effect of the proposed TEC array in Tacoma Narrows
- Table D.8 – TEC array configuration used for energy extraction
- Figure D.27 – Representative TEC locations
- Figure D.28 – Velocity probability histograms for the three representative TEC locations
- Table D.9 – AEP for each representative TEC and total for the project
- Annex E (informative) Tidal resource classification system [Go to Page]
- E.1 Introduction
- E.2 Classification parameters
- E.3 Classification example
- Table E.1 – Proposed tidal resource classification system
- Figure E.1 – Scatter plot of maximum theoretical power available vs cross-sectional area for all the hotspot locations around the US coast (Kilcher et al. [33])
- Figure E.2 – Primary parameter classification scheme based on mean velocity
- Figure E.3 – Scatter plot of mean velocity vs cross-section for all the hotspot locations around the US coast from national tidal resource assessment report (Haas et al., 2011[67])
- Figure E.4 – Tidal stream mean currents across Cook Inlet (60.79 N, 151.26 W), colour-coded by their classes
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
