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IEC/TS 61400-11-2 Ed. 1.0 en:2024 Wind energy generation systems - Part 11-2: Acoustic noise measurement techniques - Measurement of wind turbine sound characteristics in receptor position, 2024
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Symbols and units
- 5 Outline of method
- 6 Instrumentation [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Acoustic instruments [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 General
- 6.1.2 Equipment for the determination of the equivalent continuous Aweighted sound pressure level
- 6.1.3 Equipment for the determination of Aweighted or Zweighted 1/3octave band spectra
- 6.1.4 Equipment for the determination of narrow band spectra
- 6.1.5 Acoustical calibrator
- 6.1.6 Audio recording and playback systems
- 6.2 Non-acoustic instruments [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 General
- 6.2.2 Wind speed measurement systems
- 6.2.3 Other instrumentation (temperature, humidity, rain, pressure, distance, temperature gradient, satellite positioning system)
- 6.3 Traceable calibration
- 6.4 Acoustic field calibration
- 6.5 Time synchronization
- 7 Test planning [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Planning acoustic measurements [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Sound characteristics
- 7.2.2 Sound sources to be considered
- 7.3 Determination of representative conditions
- 7.4 Effects of site conditions on measurements
- 7.5 Acoustic measurements
- 8 Setup of acoustic measurements [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Measurement locations [Go to Page]
- 8.1.1 General
- 8.1.2 Proxy location
- 8.1.3 Mounting
- 9 Non-acoustic measurements [Go to Page]
- 9.1 General comments
- 9.2 Data sampling
- 9.3 Wind speed [Go to Page]
- 9.3.1 General
- 9.3.2 Binning wind speed related to wind farm operation, Vbin
- 9.3.3 Binning wind speed related to background sound
- 9.4 Wind direction
- 9.5 Precipitation
- 9.6 Temperature, humidity, etc
- 9.7 Wind turbine parameters (optional if necessary for assessment)
- 10 Data reduction [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Bin analysis
- 10.2 Data recommendations
- 10.3 Uncertainty [Go to Page]
- 10.3.1 General
- 10.3.2 Calculation of average sound pressure level and uncertainty per bin based on measurements
- 10.3.3 Calculation of average values and uncertainty per bin based on measurements – Arithmetic averaging
- 10.3.4 Calculation of average sound pressure level and uncertainty per bin when using the sound power level based regulatory scheme
- 11 Sound pressure level [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Outline
- 11.2 Instrumentation
- 11.3 Acoustic measurements [Go to Page]
- 11.3.1 General
- 11.3.2 Equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure evel, LAeq
- 11.3.3 Statistical level, LAxx
- 11.4 Non-acoustic measurements (SCADA, wind speed, temperature, humidity)
- 11.5 Data processing and analysis
- 11.6 Measurement methods [Go to Page]
- 11.6.1 Long term measurements of wind turbine operation without shut down
- 11.6.2 Short term measurements including periods of wind turbine operation and shut down
- 11.6.3 Long term measurements including periods of wind turbine operation and shut down
- 11.6.4 High background sound situation
- 11.7 Guidance on background sound correction
- 11.8 Sound power level based regulatory scheme [Go to Page]
- 11.8.1 General
- 11.8.2 ISO 9613-2
- 11.8.3 Nord2000
- 11.9 Reporting of results
- 12 Tonal audibility [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Outline
- 12.2 Overview of the ISO/TS 20065 method
- 12.3 Instrumentation
- 12.4 Acoustic measurements
- 12.5 Non-acoustic measurements [Go to Page]
- 12.5.1 General
- 12.5.2 Implementation specifics
- 12.5.3 Data binning
- 12.5.4 Uncertainty
- 12.6 Reporting
- 13 Amplitude modulation [Go to Page]
- 13.1 General
- 13.2 Outline
- 13.3 Instrumentation
- 13.4 Acoustic measurements
- 13.5 Non-acoustic measurements
- 13.6 Data reduction procedures [Go to Page]
- 13.6.1 General methodology
- 13.6.2 10 s methodology
- 13.6.3 Signal analysis – 10 min results
- 13.6.4 Signal analysis – Binned results
- 13.6.5 Uncertainty
- 13.7 Reporting
- 14 Impulsivity [Go to Page]
- 14.1 Outline
- 14.2 Instrumentation
- 14.3 Acoustic measurements
- 14.4 Non-acoustic measurements
- 14.5 Data reduction
- 14.6 Uncertainty
- 14.7 Reporting
- 15 Reporting [Go to Page]
- 15.1 Information to be reported [Go to Page]
- 15.1.1 General
- 15.1.2 Description of the test scope and measurement concept
- 15.1.3 Characterization of the wind turbine(s)
- 15.1.4 Physical environment
- 15.1.5 Instrumentation
- 15.1.6 Data
- 15.1.7 Uncertainty
- Annex A (informative)Rating level [Go to Page]
- A.1 Rating of sound characteristics
- A.2 Examples of adjustments to the determined sound pressure levels for tonal audibility
- A.3 Examples of adjustments to the determined sound pressure levels for amplitude modulation
- A.4 Examples of adjustments to the determined sound pressure levels for impulsivity
- Annex B (informative)Infrasound and wind turbines
- Annex C (informative)Low frequency sound evaluation [Go to Page]
- C.1 Outline
- C.2 Standardised prediction approach
- C.3 Data reduction
- C.4 Uncertainty
- C.5 Reporting
- C.6 Examples of sound criteria in Scandinavian countries [Go to Page]
- C.6.1 Denmark
- C.6.2 Sweden
- Annex D (informative)Examples for test plan and other considerations [Go to Page]
- D.1 General
- D.2 Understanding the test scope and setting up a test plan – Example 1
- D.3 Understanding the test scope and setting up a test plan – Example 2
- D.4 Advantages and disadvantages of different measurement methodologies for Lp [Go to Page]
- D.4.1 Long term measurements of wind turbine operation without shut down
- D.4.2 Short term measurements including periods of wind turbine operation and shut down
- D.4.3 Long term measurements including periods of wind turbine operation and shut down
- Annex E (informative)Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in sound –Survey method
- Annex F (informative)Data exclusion tools [Go to Page]
- F.1 General
- F.2 General data exclusion tools and methods
- Annex G (informative)Amplitude modulation adaptions [Go to Page]
- G.1 General
- G.2 Faster rotor speeds
- G.3 Higher frequency bands
- Annex H (informative)Additional analysis tools [Go to Page]
- H.1 General
- H.2 Lp tools [Go to Page]
- H.2.1 Using statistical descriptors to remove transient events
- H.2.2 Band limited analysis
- H.2.3 Identify periods of turbine-only noise
- Annex I (informative)Secondary wind screens, façade mounted microphone and proxy location [Go to Page]
- I.1 General
- I.2 Oversize or secondary wind screens
- I.3 Façade mounted microphone
- I.4 Proxy location
- Annex J (informative)Sound emergence [Go to Page]
- J.1 General
- J.2 Ambient sound
- J.3 Particular sound
- J.4 Background sound
- J.5 Calculation of the “émergence” criterion E(j)
- Annex K (informative)Meteorological effects [Go to Page]
- K.1 Motivation
- K.2 Reminder on ground-based sound sources
- K.3 Sound sources at high heights
- K.4 Meteorological conditions for acoustic measurements [Go to Page]
- K.4.1 General
- K.4.2 Temperature gradient
- K.4.3 Wind shear
- K.4.4 Potential temperature difference
- K.4.5 Cloud cover
- K.4.6 3D sonic anemometers
- K.4.7 SoDAR and LiDAR systems
- K.4.8 Reanalysis weather data
- K.4.9 Roughness length
- K.5 Outlook
- Annex L (informative)ISO/TS 20065 implementation – Areas for further consideration [Go to Page]
- L.1 General
- L.2 Combining 3 s tonal audibilities
- L.3 Audibility threshold
- L.4 Critical bands not centred on tones
- Bibliography
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Power spectrum for a 10 s block
- Figure A.1 – Examples of adjustments to the determined soundpressure levels for amplitude modulation
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Example 1: Wind speed data categorization –Maximum sound power level emissions
- Table 2 – Example 2: Wind speed data categorization –Maximum sound power level emissions
- Table 3 – Examples of possible values of type B uncertainty componentsrelevant for apparent sound power spectra
- Table 4 – Quantities as required for analysis
- Table 5 – ISO 9613-2 modelling parameters
- Table 6 – Nord2000 modelling parameters
- Table 7 – Upper tone search frequencies based ona range of distance and meteorological conditions
- Table A.1 – Example of tonal adjustment KT from the mean audibility ΔL
- Table C.1 – Impedance class descriptions
- Table C.2 – Equation coefficients for a rural setting at 70 % humidity and 10 °C
- Table C.3 – Examples of façade insulation values ΔLσ
- Table C.4 – Low frequency measurements reporting table
- Table C.5 – Z-weighted sound levels in individual 1/3-octave bandsfrom 31,5 Hz to 200 Hz
- Table K.1 – Example of wind speed at 10 m and 120 mconsidering different vertical profiles (alpha)
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- [Go to Page]
