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NFPA 1400: Standard on Fire Service Training, 2026
- Important Notices and Disclaimers
- Additional Important Notices and Disclaimers
- Chapter 1 Administration [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Scope.
- 1.2 Purpose.
- 1.3 Application.
- Chapter 2 Referenced Publications [Go to Page]
- 2.1 General.
- 2.2 NFPA Publications.
- 2.3 Other Publications.
- 2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.
- Chapter 3 Definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 General.
- 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
- 3.3 General Definitions.
- Chapter 4 Training Facility Requirements: Administration (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Scope.
- 4.2 Purpose.
- 4.3 Application.
- 4.4 Retroactivity.
- Chapter 5 Training Facility Requirements: Establishing Policies and Standard Operating Procedures (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Written Policies and Procedures.
- Chapter 6 Training Facility Requirements: Site and Infrastructure (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Water Supply.
- 6.2 Security.
- 6.3 Personnel Gross Decontamination.
- 6.4 Environmental Consideration.
- Chapter 7 Training Facility Requirements: Training Structures and Props — General (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Design and Construction.
- 7.2 Maintenance.
- Chapter 8 Training Facility Requirements: Live Fire Training Structures (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Design and Construction.
- 8.2 Maintenance, Evaluations, and Testing.
- Chapter 9 Training Facility Requirements: Gas-Fueled Live Fire Training Systems — Interior (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 9.1 General.
- 9.2 Gas Equipment.
- 9.3 Fuel Types.
- 9.4 Main Gas Burners and Pilot Burners.
- 9.5 Control System.
- 9.6 System Operations and Maintenance Training.
- 9.7 Commissioning.
- 9.8 Approvals.
- 9.9 Maintenance and Testing.
- 9.10 Auxiliary Equipment.
- Chapter 10 Training Facility Requirements: Gas-Fueled Live Fire Training Systems — Exterior (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 10.1 General.
- 10.2 Gas Equipment.
- 10.3 Fuel Types.
- 10.4 Main Gas Burners and Pilot Burners.
- 10.5 Control System.
- 10.6 System Operations and Maintenance Training.
- 10.7 Commissioning.
- 10.8 Approvals.
- 10.9 Maintenance and Testing.
- 10.10 Auxiliary Equipment.
- Chapter 11 Training Facility Requirements: Mobile and Transportable Training Props (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Vehicle Design.
- 11.2 Live Fire Mobile and Portable Training Props.
- 11.3 Fuel Storage.
- 11.4 Maintenance, Evaluations, and Testing.
- Chapter 12 Training Facility Requirements: Technical Rescue Training Props (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Technical Rescue Training Props.
- 12.2 High Angle Rope Rescue Training Props.
- 12.3 Confined Space Rescue Training Props.
- 12.4 Trench Rescue Training Props.
- 12.5 Structural Collapse Training Props.
- 12.6 Water Rescue Training Props.
- Chapter 13 Training Facility Requirements: Hazardous Materials Training Props (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 13.1 Hazardous Materials Training Props.
- Chapter 14 Training Facility Requirements: Combustible and Flammable Liquids Used in Interior and Exterior Activities (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 14.1 The Use of Combustible and Flammable Liquids in Training Centers.
- 14.2 Design Considerations.
- 14.3 Emergency Shutdown Devices.
- 14.4 Fuel Management.
- 14.5 Environmental Considerations.
- 14.6 Protection of Fuel Supplies and Piping.
- 14.7 Reliability of Fuel Distribution System.
- 14.8 Recirculation Protection.
- 14.9 Separation of Fuel Storage.
- 14.10 Inspection and Maintenance.
- Chapter 15 Training Facility Requirements: Fire Investigation Training Structures, Props, Burn Cells, and Sets (NFPA 1402) [Go to Page]
- 15.1 General.
- 15.2 Design and Construction.
- 15.3 Maintenance.
- Chapter 16 Live Fire Evolutions: General (NFPA 1403) [Go to Page]
- 16.1 Administration
- 16.2 Permits.
- 16.3 Student Prerequisites.
- 16.4 Participant Health and Safety.
- 16.5 Safety Officer.
- 16.6 Extreme Weather.
- 16.7 Live Fire Instructor-in-Charge and Live Fire Instructors.
- 16.8 Ignition Group.
- 16.9 Personal Protective Clothing.
- 16.10 Communication.
- 16.11 Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
- 16.12 Water Supply.
- 16.13 Fuel Materials.
- 16.14 Parking/Staging.
- 16.15 Visitors and Spectators.
- 16.16 Preburn Plan/Briefing.
- 16.17 Victim(s).
- 16.18 Adjoining Rooms.
- Chapter 17 Live Fire Training Acquired Structures (NFPA 1403) [Go to Page]
- 17.1 Structures and Facilities.
- 17.2 Hazards.
- 17.3 Utilities.
- 17.4 Exits.
- 17.5 Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC).
- 17.6 Water Supply.
- Chapter 18 Live Fire Training in Gas-Fired Live Fire Training Structures and Mobile Enclosed Live Fire Training Props (NFPA 1403) [Go to Page]
- 18.1 Structures, Props, and Facilities.
- 18.2 Inspection and Testing.
- Chapter 19 Live Fire Training in Non-Gas-Fired Live Fire Training Structures and Mobile Enclosed Live Fire Training Props, (NFPA 1403) [Go to Page]
- 19.1 Structures, Props, and Facilities.
- 19.2 Inspection and Testing.
- 19.3 Sequential Live Fire Burn Evolutions.
- Chapter 20 Live Fire Training: Exterior Live Fire Training Props (NFPA 1403) [Go to Page]
- 20.1 Props, Structures, and Facilities.
- 20.2 Inspection and Maintenance.
- Chapter 21 Live Fire Training: Reports and Records (NFPA 1403) [Go to Page]
- 21.1 General.
- Chapter 22 Respiratory Protection Training: General Equipment Requirements (NFPA 1404) [Go to Page]
- 22.1 Administration.
- 22.2 Inventory and Allocation of Respiratory Protection Equipment.
- 22.3 Selection and Use of SCBA for Training.
- 22.4 Selection and Use of Supplied-Air Respirators (SAR) in Training.
- 22.5 Selection and Use of APRs and PAPRs.
- 22.6 Selection and Use of PAPRs.
- 22.7 Selection and Use of Air-Purifying Emergency Escape Respirators and Self-Contained Escape Respirators.
- 22.8 Selection and Use of Filter, Canister, and Cartridge APRs.
- Chapter 23 Respiratory Protection Training: Training Program Requirements (NFPA 1404) [Go to Page]
- 23.1 Coordinated Administrative Policies.
- 23.2 Requirements of the Respiratory Protection Training Component.
- 23.3 Safety Officer.
- 23.4 Instructor-in-Charge and Instructors.
- 23.5 Personal Protective Clothing.
- 23.6 Recruit Training.
- 23.7 Annual Member Retraining and Certification.
- 23.8 Respiratory Protection Training Safety.
- 23.9 Ability to Act Properly in Simulated Emergencies.
- 23.10 Requirements for the Progression of Training.
- 23.11 Recognizing Hazards.
- 23.12 Specialized Training on SCBA.
- 23.13 Specialized Training in the Use of SAR.
- 23.14 Specialized Training in the Use of APRs and PAPRs.
- 23.15 Specialized Training on Emergency Escape Respirators.
- 23.16 Specialized Respiratory Protection Training for WMD Response.
- 23.17 Training Conditions.
- 23.18 Maintenance and Testing.
- 23.19 Manufacturer’s Instructions.
- 23.20 Inspection.
- Chapter 24 Respiratory Protection Training: Inspection and Maintenance of Equipment Used in Respiratory Protection Training (NFPA 1404) [Go to Page]
- 24.1 SCBA Service Checks.
- 24.2 SAR Unit Service Checks.
- 24.3 APR Service Checks.
- 24.4 PAPR Service Checks.
- 24.5 Emergency Escape Respirators (EER) Service Checks.
- 24.6 User Maintenance.
- 24.7 Air Quality Control.
- 24.8 Recharging Air Cylinders Used in Training.
- Chapter 25 Respiratory Protection Training: Evaluation (NFPA 1404) [Go to Page]
- 25.1 Annual Review.
- 25.2 Review and Revise.
- Chapter 26 Rapid Intervention Training: Policy and Procedures (NFPA 1407) [Go to Page]
- 26.1 Administration
- 26.2 General.
- 26.3 Training Policies and Guidelines.
- 26.4 Rapid Intervention Crew Members.
- 26.5 Conducting, Evaluating, and Documenting Training.
- Chapter 27 Rapid Intervention Training: Instructor Requirements (NFPA 1407) [Go to Page]
- 27.1 General.
- 27.2 Conducting Training Program.
- Chapter 28 Rapid Intervention Training: Student Prerequisites (NFPA 1407) [Go to Page]
- 28.1 General Requirements.
- 28.2 Rapid Intervention Crew Leaders.
- 28.3 Fitness.
- Chapter 29 Rapid Intervention Training: Operations Training Program (NFPA 1407) [Go to Page]
- 29.1 General.
- 29.2 Incident Management System Integration.
- 29.3 Rotation of RIC Personnel.
- 29.4 Rapid Intervention Skills.
- 29.5 Declaring a Firefighter Emergency.
- 29.6 Search Techniques.
- 29.7 Access and Extrication.
- 29.8 Air Supply.
- 29.9 SCBAs.
- 29.10 Ropes, Slings, and Harnesses.
- 29.11 Protecting Downed Firefighter(s) in Place.
- 29.12 Moving Downed Firefighter(s) to Safety.
- 29.13 Firefighter Self-Rescue.
- 29.14 Tools and Equipment.
- Chapter 30 Rapid Intervention Training: Required Performance for Rapid Intervention Crews (RIC) (NFPA 1407) [Go to Page]
- 30.1 General.
- 30.2 Methods of Evaluation.
- 30.3 Locating, Assessing, and Removing a Downed Firefighter.
- 30.4 Removing a Downed Firefighter up a Flight of Stairs.
- 30.5 Removing a Downed Firefighter from First-Floor Window.
- 30.6 Removing a Downed Firefighter from a Second-Floor Window.
- 30.7 Removing a Downed Firefighter from a Hole in the Floor.
- Chapter 31 Thermal Imager Training: Policy and Procedures (NFPA 1408) [Go to Page]
- 31.1 Administration
- 31.2 General.
- 31.3 Training Policies and Guidelines.
- Chapter 32 Thermal Imager Training: Instructor Requirements (NFPA 1408) [Go to Page]
- 32.1 Operation.
- 32.2 Conducting Training Program.
- Chapter 33 Thermal Imager Training: Student Prerequisites (NFPA 1408) [Go to Page]
- 33.1 General Requirements.
- Chapter 34 Thermal Imager Training: Program Components (NFPA 1408) [Go to Page]
- 34.1 Use and Limitations.
- Chapter 35 Thermal Imager Training: Care and Maintenance (NFPA 1408) [Go to Page]
- 35.1 General.
- 35.2 Cleaning.
- 35.3 Batteries.
- 35.4 Storage.
- 35.5 Service.
- Chapter 36 Emergency Scene Operations: Evolution Preparation (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 36.1 Administration
- 36.2 General.
- 36.3 Fire Dynamics.
- 36.4 Protective Personnel Ensemble.
- 36.5 Fire Control.
- 36.6 Training in Context.
- Chapter 37 Emergency Scene Operations: Methods of Evaluation (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 37.1 Standard Evolutions.
- 37.2 Hose Loads and Layouts.
- 37.3 Ground Ladders.
- Chapter 38 Emergency Scene Operations: Incident Command (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 38.1 Command.
- 38.2 Incident Command.
- 38.3 NIMS.
- Chapter 39 Emergency Scene Operations: Logistics (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 39.1 Facilities.
- 39.2 Equipment and Personnel.
- 39.3 Water Supply.
- 39.4 Communications.
- Chapter 40 Emergency Scene Operations: Required Performance for Handlines (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 40.1 General.
- 40.2 Required Flow.
- 40.3 Hose Evolutions.
- 40.4 Handline Operations.
- 40.5 Method of Evaluation.
- 40.6 Evaluation.
- Chapter 41 Emergency Scene Operations: Required Performance for Master Streams (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 41.1 General.
- 41.2 Required Flow.
- 41.3 Hose Evolutions.
- 41.4 Method of Evaluation.
- 41.5 Evaluation.
- Chapter 42 Emergency Scene Operations: Required Performance for Automatic Sprinkler System Support (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 42.1 General.
- 42.2 Required Flow.
- 42.3 Hose Evolutions.
- 42.4 Method of Evaluation.
- 42.5 Evaluation.
- Chapter 43 Emergency Scene Operations: Required Performance for Standpipe System Support (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 43.1 General.
- 43.2 Required Flow.
- 43.3 Hose Evolutions.
- 43.4 Method of Evaluation.
- 43.5 Evaluation.
- Chapter 44 Emergency Scene Operations: Required Performance for Truck Company Operations (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 44.1 General.
- 44.2 Ladder Evolutions.
- 44.3 Forcible Entry Evolutions.
- 44.4 Search and Rescue.
- 44.5 Ventilation Operations Evolutions.
- 44.6 Hoisting Tools and Appliances.
- 44.7 Illumination of an Incident.
- 44.8 Method of Evaluation.
- 44.9 Evaluation.
- Chapter 45 Emergency Scene Operations: Required Performance for Rapid Intervention Crews (RIC) (NFPA 1410) [Go to Page]
- 45.1 General.
- 45.2 Methods of Evaluation.
- Chapter 46 Vehicle Operations: General Rules and Considerations (NFPA 1451) [Go to Page]
- 46.1 Administration
- 46.2 General.
- 46.3 Operations Training Program.
- 46.4 Coordinated Administrative Policies.
- Chapter 47 Vehicle Operations: Training and Education (NFPA 1451) [Go to Page]
- 47.1 General.
- 47.2 Training Frequency.
- 47.3 Basic Training and Education Requirements.
- 47.4 Instructor Qualifications.
- 47.5 Training Program Safety.
- 47.6 Training Records.
- Chapter 48 Vehicle Operations: Laws and Liabilities (NFPA 1451) [Go to Page]
- 48.1 General.
- 48.2 Financial Protection.
- 48.3 Member Assistance Program.
- Chapter 49 Vehicle Operations: Emergency Response (NFPA 1451) [Go to Page]
- 49.1 General.
- 49.2 Emergency Response Considerations.
- Chapter 50 Vehicle Operations: Crash and Injury Prevention (NFPA 1451) [Go to Page]
- 50.1 General.
- 50.2 FESO Vehicle Drivers’/Operators’ Responsibility.
- 50.3 Responsibility of Persons Riding in or on FESO Vehicles.
- 50.4 Apparatus Prone to Rollover.
- 50.5 Safe Operations at Highway Incidents.
- 50.6 Ambulance Operation.
- Chapter 51 Vehicle Operations: Crash Review (NFPA 1451) [Go to Page]
- 51.1 General.
- 51.2 Crash and Injury Reports and Records.
- Chapter 52 Vehicle Operations: Vehicle and Apparatus Care (NFPA 1451) [Go to Page]
- 52.1 FESO and Aircraft Rescue/Firefighting Vehicles and Apparatus.
- 52.2 Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair of Vehicles.
- 52.3 Vehicle Records.
- Chapter 53 Technical Rescue Training [Go to Page]
- 53.1 Administration.
- 53.2 General.
- 53.3 Training Policies and Guidelines.
- 53.4 Conducting and Documenting Training.
- 53.5 Technical Rescue Student Requirements.
- 53.6 Technical Rescue Instructor Requirements.
- 53.7 Rope Rescue Training Operations.
- 53.8 Confined Space Rescue Training Operations.
- 53.9 Trench Rescue Training Operations.
- 53.10 Structural Collapse Rescue Training Operations.
- 53.11 Water Rescue Training Operations.
- 53.12 Vehicle Extrication Training Operations.
- Chapter 54 Hazardous Materials Training [Go to Page]
- 54.1 Administration.
- 54.2 General.
- 54.3 Training Policies and Guidelines.
- 54.4 Conducting and Documenting Training.
- 54.5 Hazardous Materials Student Requirements.
- 54.6 Hazardous Materials Instructor Requirements.
- 54.7 Hazardous Materials Training with Live Agents.
- Annex A Explanatory Material
- Annex B Nonmandatory Information About Planning, Designing, Constructing, and Maintaining Fire Training Centers (NFPA 1402)
- Annex C Administrative and Classroom Building Guidance (NFPA 1402)
- Annex D Training and Support Building (NFPA 1402)
- Annex E Live Fire Evolution Sample Checklist (NFPA 1403)
- Annex F Responsibilities of Personnel (NFPA 1403)
- Annex G Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke in Training (NFPA 1403)
- Annex H Considerations for CBRNE Events (NFPA 1404)
- Annex I Common Signs and Symptoms of WMD (NFPA 1404)
- Annex J Evaluation Outlines and Instructions (NFPA 1410)
- Annex K Emergency Vehicle Hazard Avoidance Checklist (NFPA 1451)
- Annex L Driver Simulator Guide (NFPA 1451)
- Annex M Informational References [Go to Page]